In vivo imaging of the diseased nervous system: an update

Cellular in vivo imaging can reveal the induction, progression and resolution of nervous system pathology in real-time. In this review, we summarize recent research in the field to illustrate how in vivo imaging has enhanced our understanding of a variety of neurological conditions caused by trauma, degeneration, ischemia or inflammation. Finally, we look ahead and discuss how novel biosensors might help us to follow not only the cellular but also the molecular pathogenesis of neurological diseases in vivo.