Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
Published on: March 1, 2024
Aetiology and therapeutics of burning mouth syndrome: an update
Juliana Cassol Spanemberg1, Karen Cherubini, Maria Antonia Zancanaro de Figueiredo
1Stomatology and Bucomaxillofacial Cancer Prevent Division, São Lucas Hospital, Pontifical Catholical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Objective:
To provide a review on the aetiology and therapeutic options for the management of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
Background:
BMS is a chronic disorder that frequently affects women and is characterised by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa without clinical signs. This syndrome has a complex and multifactorial characteristics, but its aetiology remains unknown and this makes it difficult with regard to the treatment and management of such patients. Despite not being accompanied by evident organic changes and not presenting risks to health, BMS can significantly reduce the quality of life for patients.
Methods And Materials:
The article reviews the literature regarding aetiologic factors, clinical implications and treatment of BMS.
Conclusion:
involvement of neurological, emotional and hormonal alterations is proposed in BMS aetiology. However the mechanisms of its development are complex and not completely understood. Tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs are the most accepted options in treatment and show variable results. The correct diagnosis of BMS and the exclusion of possible local or systemic factors that can be associated with the symptoms are fundamental. It is also important to evaluate the quality of life for these patients to recognise the potential impact of this condition on their lives.
Related Concept Videos
Taste Buds and Receptors
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...
Burn Injuries
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
