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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
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Published on: July 6, 2011

Fueling and imaging brain activation.

Gerald A Dienel1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, U.S.A.

ASN Neuro
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Brain metabolic studies require careful consideration of developmental context. Glucose and lactate dynamics, including transport and utilization, are complex and impact neuroenergetics interpretations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Imaging
  • Neuroenergetics

Background:

  • Metabolic signals are crucial for brain function and disease studies.
  • Controversies exist regarding the primary fuel for activated neurons and neuron-astrocyte interactions.
  • Experimental systems often yield discordant results, with some not reflecting adult brain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of glucose and lactate in brain metabolism and neuroenergetics.
  • To address the complexities in interpreting metabolic studies due to various physiological factors.
  • To highlight the importance of developmental and experimental context in understanding brain metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brain metabolism, neuroenergetics, and neuron-astrocyte interactions.

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  • Analysis of factors influencing glucose utilization and lactate dynamics in the brain.
  • Consideration of developmental maturation of brain energy metabolism in rats.

    • Main Results:

    • The brain's capacity for glucose and oxygen metabolism exceeds demand, with rapid hyperaemic responses.
    • Glycolysis is often upregulated during activation, while oxidative metabolism provides most ATP.
    • Underestimation of glucose utilization can occur due to lactate production, diffusion, and pentose shunt pathway flux.
    • Lactate can serve as a supplemental fuel during 'lactate flooding' but its shuttling and oxidation during activation is a small fraction of glucose oxidation.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental, experimental, and physiological context is critical for interpreting brain metabolic studies.
    • Accurate interpretation of metabolic studies requires understanding glucose transport, phosphorylation, and lactate dynamics.
    • Models of neuron-astrocyte interactions and brain fuel utilization need to account for these complexities.