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Related Concept Videos

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Immunity to fungi.

Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann1, Marcel Wüthrich, Tobias M Hohl

  • 1Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding fungal infections is crucial due to rising disease burdens and few vaccines. Immune system receptors and T helper cells are key to fighting fungi, paving the way for new treatments.

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Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
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Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
12:29

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Global increase in fungal disease burden necessitates understanding host defense.
  • Emergence of novel pathogenic fungi and lack of effective fungal vaccines highlight research gaps.
  • Medically relevant fungi pose significant public health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate immune defense mechanisms against fungi.
  • To explore the role of C-type lectin and Toll-like receptor signaling in antifungal immunity.
  • To identify key components for developing fungal vaccines and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies in animal models and human subjects.
  • Analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses to fungal pathogens.
  • Investigation of T helper cell subset generation and balance.

Main Results:

  • C-type lectin and Toll-like receptor signaling are integrated in activating immune responses.
  • Phagocytes play a critical role in host defense against fungi.
  • Specific T helper subsets are crucial for achieving sterilizing immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding immune responses provide a foundation for developing fungal vaccines.
  • Immune-based therapeutic adjuncts can be developed based on these findings.
  • Integrated signaling pathways and T cell subsets are critical targets for antifungal strategies.