Steroid-responsive focal epilepsy with focal dystonia accompanied by glutamate receptor delta2 antibody
Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Published on: September 20, 2024
Hideyuki Matsumoto1, Shingo Okabe, Minako Hirakawa-Yamada
1Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hideyukimatsumoto.jp@gmail.com
Abstract:
This report describes a rare case presenting with focal epilepsy and focal dystonia associated with glutamate receptor δ2 antibody. The patient was a 47-year-old male patient with neurosyphilis. He presented with an intractable focal seizure spreading from the right arm, with dystonia of the left leg. The IgG antibody of glutamate receptor δ2 was detected. Ictal and interictal SPECT suggested focal epilepsy in the left frontal cortex. Antibiotic and antiepileptic drugs were ineffective, although steroid pulse therapy effectively diminished the patient's symptoms. Inflammatory mechanisms may have contributed to this disorder.
Related Concept Videos
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
