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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium, dissociates into a...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Reactive half-metallocenium ionic liquids that undergo solventless ligand exchange.

Takashi Inagaki1, Tomoyuki Mochida

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel iron-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized without long alkyl chains. These reactive ILs exhibit solventless ligand exchange reactions, with melting point changes indicating phase transformations during reactions.

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Ionic liquids

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts with low melting points, often utilized as solvents or electrolytes.
  • Metallocenium cations are a class of organometallic compounds with potential applications in ILs.
  • Designing ILs with specific properties requires understanding the influence of cation structure and ligand choice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel piano-stool half-metallocenium cations as ionic liquids.
  • To investigate the effect of molecular symmetry and metal-ligand bonding on the properties of these ILs.
  • To explore the reactivity of these ILs in solventless ligand exchange reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of piano-stool half-metallocenium cations with varying R groups and ligands (L).
  • Formation of ionic liquids using the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf(2)N) anion.
  • Characterization of melting points and thermal stabilities.
  • Investigation of gas absorption-driven ligand exchange reactions.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids were successfully prepared using iron-based piano-stool half-metallocenium cations and Tf(2)N anion, without long alkyl chains.
  • Melting points were found to be dependent on the molecular symmetry of the cations.
  • Thermal stabilities correlated with the strength of the metal-ligand bonds.
  • Solventless ligand exchange reactions were observed upon gas absorption, with reaction direction linked to stability.
  • Phase transformations (liquid-solid) were observed during these reactions, correlating with melting point variations.

Conclusions:

  • Piano-stool half-metallocenium cations offer a route to novel ionic liquids with tunable properties.
  • Molecular symmetry and metal-ligand bond strength are critical factors influencing IL melting points and stability.
  • These reactive ionic liquids facilitate solventless chemical transformations, demonstrating potential for green chemistry applications.