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Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography.

Greger Larson1, Elinor K Karlsson, Angela Perri

  • 1Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom. greger.larson@durham.ac.uk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The origins of dog domestication remain unclear. Genetic analysis of ancient breeds suggests isolation, not ancient origins, defines them, challenging modern genetic data

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Area of Science:

  • Canine genetics
  • Animal domestication history
  • Archaeological science

Background:

  • The precise timing and location of dog domestication are uncertain.
  • Understanding dog origins is key to understanding human-animal co-evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of modern genetic data in tracing dog domestication.
  • To investigate the origins of "ancient" dog breeds.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 49,024 autosomal SNPs in 1,375 dogs and 19 wolves.
  • Integration of genetic data with a global archaeological assessment of early dog remains.
  • Comparison of genetic signatures of 121 breeds with archaeological findings.

Main Results:

  • "Ancient" breeds do not originate from regions with the oldest archaeological dog evidence.
  • Three ancient breeds (Basenjis, Dingoes, New Guinea Singing Dogs) originated outside the wild wolf's natural range.
  • Genetic distinctiveness in ancient breeds is linked to geographic and cultural isolation, not ancient origins.

Conclusions:

  • Modern genetic studies of isolated breeds may not illuminate early dog domestication.
  • Geographic and cultural isolation explains the genetic distinctiveness of "ancient" breeds.
  • Next-generation sequencing of ancient and modern canids is needed to clarify dog domestication history.