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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

Overview
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
The DNA Helix01:16

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Overview
From DNA to Protein03:06

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
The Central Dogma01:25

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The Central Dogma01:20

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

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Published on: April 12, 2019

DNA information: from digital code to analogue structure.

A A Travers1, G Muskhelishvili, J M T Thompson

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. aat@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|May 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • DNA's digital code is complemented by physical properties.
  • Shape and stiffness variations create 3D structural information.
  • These variations influence DNA's spatial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in understanding DNA's physical information.
  • To explore how DNA shape and stiffness impact molecular interactions.
  • To highlight outstanding questions in DNA structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of DNA's physical properties (shape, stiffness).
  • Exploration of DNA's 3D spatial interactions and regulatory roles.

Main Results:

  • DNA shape and stiffness variations encode structural information in 3D space.
  • These physical properties facilitate DNA interactions with itself and proteins.
  • Sequence periodicity influences DNA supercoiling and regulatory roles.

Conclusions:

  • DNA's physical structure provides an analogue regulatory mode alongside its digital code.
  • Understanding these structural variations is crucial for fundamental biology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these mechanisms.