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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

Chromatin-remodeling complex specificity and embryonic vascular development.

Carol D Curtis1, Reema B Davis, Kyle G Ingram

  • 1Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA, carol-curtis@omrf.org.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|May 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate gene expression during vascular development. Studying these complexes and their genetic mutations offers insights into blood vessel growth and potential therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vascular development requires precise gene expression control, but regulatory factors are not fully understood.
  • ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are increasingly recognized for their roles in gene regulation.
  • These complexes influence gene expression with specific timing and location during blood vessel formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes in vascular development.
  • To understand how these complexes regulate gene expression during blood vessel formation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for vascular pathologies based on chromatin remodeling mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing genetic mutations in chromatin-remodeling complex subunits.
  • Conducting phenotypic analysis of model organisms at various developmental stages.
  • Investigating the impact of chromatin remodeling on vascular signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Genetic mutations reveal specific roles for chromatin-remodeling complexes in vascular signaling.
  • These complexes act at discrete developmental time points during blood vessel development.
  • Phenotypic analysis demonstrates the influence of chromatin remodeling on new blood vessel growth.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin remodeling is crucial for coordinated gene expression in vascular development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can lead to new therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
  • Further research on chromatin remodelers will enhance knowledge of blood vessel formation and pathology.