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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

Published on: October 26, 2017

Systemic mirnas as potential biomarkers for malignancy.

N A Healy¹, H M Heneghan, N Miller

¹Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland. nuala.healy@nuigalway.ie

International Journal of Cancer

|May 24, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expression in breast cancer, offering potential as minimally invasive predictive markers. This review examines their role in malignancy and future diagnostic applications.

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous RNA molecules regulating gene expression.
miRNAs are involved in cellular processes like differentiation, growth, and apoptosis, and are implicated in cancer.
Altered miRNA expression is detected in tumor tissues and the circulation of cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review systemic miRNAs (upregulated or downregulated) in malignancy.
To investigate the impact of treatment on circulating miRNA levels.
To explore the origin of circulating miRNAs and their potential as prognostic or predictive cancer markers.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on circulating miRNAs in breast cancer.
Analysis of miRNA expression profiles in cancer patients versus healthy individuals.
Examination of research on miRNA dysregulation in various cancer types.

Main Results:

miRNAs are detectable and dysregulated in the circulation of breast cancer patients.
Systemic miRNAs can be upregulated or downregulated in malignancy.
Circulating miRNAs hold potential as minimally invasive predictive markers for breast cancer.

Conclusions:

Circulating miRNAs represent promising biomarkers for early cancer detection.
Further research is needed to understand the source and precise role of circulating miRNAs.
These molecules may significantly impact future cancer diagnostics and prognostics.