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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...

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[Disease biomarkers for CKD].

Kiyoshi Mori1, Masashi Mukoyama, Masato Kasahara

  • 1Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Novel urinary biomarkers like neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) show promise for diagnosing kidney injury. This review details their progress and discusses future research directions in chronic kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Urine Analysis

Context:

  • Emerging urinary biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) are gaining attention.
  • Recent research highlights their utility in both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The clinical significance of albuminuria, a traditional biomarker, is also being re-evaluated.

Purpose:

  • To review the progress and current status of urinary biomarker research in the field of chronic kidney disease.
  • To discuss the clinical applications and limitations of novel and established urinary biomarkers for kidney injury.
  • To identify future challenges and research opportunities in urinary biomarker development for CKD.

Summary:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on novel urinary biomarkers, including Ngal, KIM-1, and L-FABP, for kidney injury.
  • It examines their role in diagnosing and managing chronic kidney disease, alongside evolving understanding of albuminuria.
  • The review covers recent advancements and outlines key areas for future investigation.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of urinary biomarkers in nephrology.
  • Informs clinicians and researchers about the potential of novel biomarkers for early detection and management of kidney disease.
  • Highlights critical areas for future research to optimize the use of biomarkers in chronic kidney disease care.