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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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MicroRNAs and fibrosis.

Vishal Patel1, Lama Noureddine

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Vishald.patel@utsouthwestern.edu

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for kidney function. Targeting specific miRNAs, like inhibiting miR-21 or increasing miR-29, shows promise in preventing and treating kidney fibrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression in mammals.
  • Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to various human diseases, including kidney fibrosis.
  • miRNAs are vital for kidney development and maintaining homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of specific microRNAs in kidney fibrosis.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of modulating miRNA expression for kidney fibrosis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNA expression in mouse models of kidney fibrosis.
  • Investigating the mechanisms of TGF-β-regulated miRNAs (miR-21, miR-200, miR-29) in renal fibrosis.
  • Evaluating the effects of inhibiting miR-21 or augmenting miR-29 in preventing kidney fibrosis in mice.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant miRNA expression, particularly miR-21, miR-200, and miR-29 families, is observed in kidney fibrosis models.
  • miR-21 amplifies TGF-β signaling, promoting fibrosis through a feed-forward loop.
  • miR-200 and miR-29 counteract fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition, respectively.
  • Inhibition of miR-21 or augmentation of miR-29 effectively prevents kidney fibrosis in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Altered miRNA expression disrupts signaling pathways, driving kidney fibrosis progression.
  • miRNAs serve as potential biomarkers for kidney fibrosis.
  • Modulating miRNA expression offers a novel therapeutic strategy for kidney fibrosis.