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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
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Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
Sound Waves01:01

Sound Waves

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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

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Photoelastic stiffening by z-directed acoustic-wave-induced electric fields as extra control of optic interaction in BaTiO₃.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2015
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
07:55

Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate

Published on: June 18, 2020

Ferroelectrically active acoustic wave propagation.

Wontae Chang1

  • 1US Naval Research Laboratory, Electronics Science and Technology Division, Washington, DC, USA. wontae.chang@nrl.navy.mil

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|May 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study derives an acoustic wave equation for ferroelectric materials, predicting electrically controllable wave propagation influenced by electrostriction. Key acoustic properties and coupling factors are calculated for barium titanate.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Ferroelectric materials exhibit significant electrostrictive strain, affecting acoustic wave behavior.
  • Nonlinear constitutive equations are crucial for modeling complex material responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive the ferroelectrically active acoustic wave equation incorporating electrostriction.
  • To predict and analyze electrically controllable acoustic wave propagation.
  • To compute acoustic wave properties and electromechanical coupling factors in barium titanate.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of the acoustic wave equation from nonlinear constitutive relations.
  • Solving the equation considering electrostriction effects.
  • Numerical computation of elastic, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric acoustic waves and electromechanical coupling factors.

Main Results:

  • The derived equation accurately describes acoustic wave propagation in ferroelectrics with electrostriction.
  • Electrically controllable acoustic wave propagation is demonstrated.
  • Specific calculations for barium titanate show variations in wave properties with propagation direction and electrical bias.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostriction significantly influences acoustic wave behavior in ferroelectric materials.
  • Electrical control over acoustic wave propagation is feasible.
  • The study provides a framework for designing and optimizing ferroelectric-based acoustic devices.