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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Monocytes do not transdifferentiate into proper osteoblasts.

Andreas Schmitt1, Sabrina Ehnert, Lilianna Schyschka

  • 1Department of Traumatology, MRI, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. schmitt@uchir.me.tum.de

Thescientificworldjournal
|May 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood monocytes do not transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. Studies found that monocytes, when treated with osteogenic medium, activated into macrophages and osteoclasts instead of bone-forming cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Recent studies proposed monocytes as a potential source for cell transdifferentiation.
  • Osteoblasts are crucial for bone formation and remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of blood monocytes to transdifferentiate into osteoblasts.
  • To evaluate specific monocyte-derived cell fractions (PCMOs and MOMPs) for osteogenic differentiation capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of monocytes from peripheral blood.
  • Generation of programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMOs) and monocyte-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (MOMPs).
  • Treatment of PCMOs and MOMPs with osteogenic differentiation medium (vitamin D or dexamethasone) for 14 days.

Main Results:

  • No significant changes in surface markers, hematopoietic markers, or mesenchymal phenotype adoption were observed.
  • No significant effect on osteogenic transcription factors, bone-related genes, or mineralized matrix production.
  • Osteogenic medium induced monocyte activation, leading to the appearance of macrophages and osteoclasts.

Conclusions:

  • Investigated monocyte-derived cell types did not exhibit osteogenic transdifferentiation under the tested conditions.
  • Monocytes appear to activate and mature into macrophages and osteoclasts rather than osteoblasts when exposed to osteogenic stimuli.