[The function of mitochondrion, carnitine, coenzyme-A, fat acids, glucose, the Randle cycle and insulin: a lecture]

In the function of feeding as biologic function of trophology, occurs the interchange of biologic reactions of exotrophy (postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) and periods of food absence (biologic reaction of endotrophy). The action of insulin is realized in the biologic reaction of exotrophy only. The phylogenetic late insulin manages the function of phylogenetic early mitochondrion in the biologic reaction of exotrophy. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy, the cells activatedly absorb glucose under effect of insulin through glucose carriers-4 and actively absorb fat acids in the form of nonpolar triglycerides in olein lipoproteins of very low density by force of receptor endocytosis. These mechanisms formed on late stages of phylogenesis in the becoming of biologic function of locomotion--the function of movement. In the biologic reaction of endotrophy the cells absorb passively glucose under effect of glycaemia in intercellular medium through glucose carriers and passively (on gradient of concentration) absorb the fat acids in polar form under passive diffusion through plasmatic membrane. These reactions are worked out on the early stages of phylogenesis in the becoming of biologic function of homeostasis. The syndrome of resistance to insulin is formed only in biologic reaction of exotrophy but the disorders can persist and during realization of biologic reaction of endotrophy. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy insulin "decides": a) glucose can be deposited only in a limited way and can be consumed (oxidized in mitochondrion) in the first instance: b) fat acids can be stored and kept to be used in biologic function of locomotion. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy insulin "endeavors" as fast and full as possible use glucose and preserve in vivo as much as possible of fat acids as a substratum for further realization of biologic function of locomotion. Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose. The main biologic role of insulin is to provide the biologic function of locomotion with substratum of energy