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Bone marrow stromal cell changes in haematological malignancies.

S A Dilly1, C J Jagger

  • 1Department of Histopathology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London.

Journal of Clinical Pathology
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Stromal cell numbers differ in blood cancers. Granulocytic malignancies show increased stromal cells, while lymphoid malignancies reduce them, impacting blood cell recovery and potentially stimulating cancer growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stromal cells play a crucial role in the bone marrow microenvironment.
  • Understanding stromal cell dynamics is vital for comprehending hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare stromal cell numbers in various hematological malignancies and healthy individuals.
  • To elucidate the role of stromal cells in the pathogenesis of leukemia and lymphoma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and controls.
  • Immunocytochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase-positive reticulum cells (AL-RC), endothelial cells (factor-VIII related antigen), and macrophages (EBM/11).

Main Results:

  • Granulocytic malignancies (AML, CGL) showed increased AL-RC and vascular endothelial cells.
  • Lymphoid malignancies (ALL, NHL) exhibited reduced AL-RC, with variable macrophage numbers.
  • Vascular endothelial cells were normal in ALL but reduced in NHL.

Conclusions:

  • Lymphoid malignancies have a destructive impact on bone marrow stromal elements.
  • Granulocytic malignancies are associated with normal or increased stromal cell numbers.
  • Stromal cell depletion may impair hematopoietic recovery post-treatment; increased stromal cells in granulocytic malignancies suggest potential synergistic interactions with neoplastic cells.

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