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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
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Data Collection by Observations01:08

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Related Experiment Video

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A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
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A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

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Students' workplace learning in two clerkship models: a multi-site observational study.

Bridget C O'Brien1, Ann N Poncelet, Lori Hansen

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA. bridget.obrien@ucsf.edu

Medical Education
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) allow medical students to gain independence in patient care and experience continuity. This workplace learning model offers greater opportunities for full participation in patient care compared to traditional block clerkships (BCs).

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Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
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Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Workplace Learning
  • Clinical Clerkships

Background:

  • Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) are growing educational models.
  • LICs aim to enhance the core clinical year using workplace learning principles.
  • This study provides direct observational data comparing LICs and traditional block clerkships (BCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare workplace learning experiences of students in LICs versus BCs.
  • To analyze student activities, participation, and interactions during clerkships.
  • To evaluate the impact of educational models on direct patient care and continuity.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, work-sampling methodology across multiple institutions.
  • Trained research assistants documented student activities and participation every 10 minutes.
  • Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared LIC and BC students at different stages of the clinical year.

Main Results:

  • Late in the year, LIC students spent more time in direct patient care independently (25%) compared to BC students (out-patient 12%, in-patient 7%).
  • LIC students demonstrated significantly higher patient continuity (34%) than out-patient BC students (5%).
  • Early-year outpatient activities and interactions were similar between LIC and BC students.

Conclusions:

  • LIC students achieve greater independence in patient care by late year.
  • LIC models provide enhanced opportunities for patient continuity and multi-visit care.
  • Longitudinal integrated education models support fuller student participation in patient care, aligning with workplace learning principles.