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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells
07:18

High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

Wafer-scale mitochondrial membrane potential assays.

Tae-Sun Lim1, Antonio Davila, Katayoun Zand

  • 1Integrated Nanosystem Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

Lab on a Chip
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel lab-on-a-chip device for mitochondrial functional assays. This technology significantly reduces the required sample size, enabling more efficient study of mitochondrial function in aging and disease.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells
07:18

High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to aging and degenerative diseases.
  • Current assays require large amounts of isolated mitochondria, limiting research.
  • There is a need for more sensitive and efficient mitochondrial assessment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a wafer-scale lab-on-a-chip device for mitochondrial functional assays.
  • To significantly reduce the quantity of mitochondrial protein needed for assays.
  • To create a more sensitive and reproducible system for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of integrated lab-on-a-chip devices on a 4'' silicon wafer using novel processes and materials.
  • Utilizing significantly reduced mitochondrial protein quantities (three orders of magnitude less).
  • Investigating and comparing membrane potential changes in isolated mitochondria from HeLa cells, 143b cells, and mouse skeletal muscle tissue.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated manufacturable wafer-scale devices for mitochondrial functional assays.
  • Achieved a three-orders-of-magnitude reduction in required mitochondrial protein.
  • The second-generation system showed enhanced durability, reproducibility, and an order of magnitude increase in sensitivity for membrane potential changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed lab-on-a-chip system offers a highly sensitive and efficient method for mitochondrial functional assays.
  • This technology requires substantially less sample material compared to conventional methods.
  • The system is a promising candidate to replace existing mitochondrial assay technologies for studying aging and disease.