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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Workshop on programming beta cell development, impairment and regeneration.

Scott Heller1, Jens Høiriis Nielsen

  • 1Imaging Group, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark. shll@novonordisk.com

Islets
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This workshop focused on programming beta cell development, impairment, and regeneration. Key research areas included stem cells, epigenetics, and autoimmunity, highlighting current advancements and future questions in beta cell research.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The workshop convened in Helsingør, Denmark, to discuss advancements in beta cell research.
  • Previous workshops were held in Finland (2003), Spain (2006), and Scotland (2009).
  • The event gathered 190 international attendees, fostering global collaboration.

Framework:

  • 37 oral presentations and 68 posters covered pancreatic research.
  • Parallel workshops addressed stem cells, epigenetics, autoimmunity, beta cell imaging, identity, and omics.
  • A panel discussion explored the fundamental question of beta cell identity.

Implementation:

  • The workshop facilitated the exchange of cutting-edge research findings.
  • Discussions highlighted the interdisciplinary nature of beta cell research.
  • The event provided a platform for networking and future research planning.

Implications:

  • The meeting identified key areas for future investigation in beta cell biology.
  • It underscored the importance of understanding beta cell development, impairment, and regeneration.
  • The insights gained will contribute to advancing treatments for diabetes and related metabolic disorders.