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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Transporters in cholelithiasis.

Caroline S Stokes1, Frank Lammert

  • 1Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 1, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.

Biological Chemistry
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gallstones are a common disease influenced by genetics and environment. This study focuses on how specific gene variants, particularly ATP-binding cassette transporters, impact gallstone formation by altering bile composition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gallstones represent a significant public health concern, with prevalence increasing in aging populations.
  • Gallstone formation is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
  • Hepatobiliary transporters play a crucial role in regulating biliary lipid composition, a key factor in gallstone development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of enterohepatic transporters in gallstone formation (cholelithogenesis).
  • To highlight the specific involvement of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.
  • To review genetic variants in key transporters and their impact on biliary lipid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetic studies of gallstone disease.
  • Analysis of research on hepatobiliary transporters, particularly ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.
  • Examination of the influence of ABC transporter variants on biliary lipid composition and cholelithogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Variants in genes encoding hepatobiliary transporters are strongly implicated in gallstone disease.
  • Specific ATP-binding cassette transporters, including ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC7, and ABCG5/G8, are critical in this process.
  • These transporters influence the composition of bile, thereby affecting the risk of gallstone formation.

Conclusions:

  • Enterohepatic transporters are key players in the development of gallstones.
  • Genetic variations in transporters like ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC7, and ABCG5/G8 contribute significantly to gallstone pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these genetic factors offers insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying gallstone disease.