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Related Experiment Videos

Low-dose caffeine physical dependence in humans.

R R Griffiths1, S M Evans, S J Heishman

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Low-dose caffeine withdrawal (100 mg/day) affects everyone, causing a range of symptoms like headache and fatigue. This study confirms 100% incidence of caffeine withdrawal even at low daily intake levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive stimulant.
  • Previous research has indicated potential withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of caffeine intake.
  • The precise dose-response relationship and incidence of caffeine withdrawal at lower intake levels remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of terminating low-dose caffeine (100 mg/day) in normal human subjects.
  • To determine the incidence and characteristics of caffeine withdrawal syndrome at a low daily dose.
  • To examine the range of symptoms associated with low-dose caffeine withdrawal.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study design was employed.
  • Subjects received either caffeine (100 mg/day) or placebo capsules, with substitutions occurring under blind conditions.

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  • Mood and behavioral dimensions were systematically rated by subjects throughout the study phases.

    • Main Results:

    • In the initial phase, 4 out of 7 subjects exhibited a clear withdrawal syndrome upon placebo substitution, peaking within 2 days.
    • A subsequent phase with intermittent placebo substitution confirmed a statistically significant withdrawal effect in all seven subjects.
    • The study documented a 100% incidence of caffeine withdrawal at 100 mg/day, with a broader symptom range than previously recognized.

    Conclusions:

    • Low-dose caffeine intake (100 mg/day) reliably precipitates a withdrawal syndrome in all individuals.
    • The identified withdrawal symptoms are diverse, including headache, fatigue, dysphoria, muscle pain, flu-like feelings, nausea, and craving.
    • This research highlights the significant impact of even moderate caffeine consumption and its abrupt cessation.