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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
13:15

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Mitochondrial structure, function and dynamics are temporally controlled by c-Myc.

J Anthony Graves1, Yudong Wang, Sunder Sims-Lucas

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America. gravja@chp.edu

Plos One
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The c-Myc oncoprotein regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Myc influences mitochondrial mass by affecting fission and fusion, with persistent defects potentially supporting cancer cell metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Oncology
  • Mitochondrial biology

Background:

  • The c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein is known to influence mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).
  • The precise coordination and regulatory mechanisms of these processes by Myc remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Myc regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic role of Myc in controlling mitochondrial mass and function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial biomass, membrane polarization, and fusion dynamics in Myc-re-expressing and Myc-downregulated fibroblasts.
  • Assessment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transport chain (ETC) complex structures.
  • Quantification of proteins involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion.

Main Results:

  • Myc re-expression led to increased mitochondrial biomass, membrane polarization, and fusion, with partial correction of OXPHOS deficiency.
  • Myc downregulation caused decreased mitochondrial mass, fusion, and membrane potential.
  • Myc influences mitochondrial mass by modulating both fission and fusion processes, with a stronger effect on fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Myc plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial mass and dynamics.
  • Persistent electron transport chain defects after Myc restoration may indicate a metabolic adaptation for precursor supply in cancer cells.
  • Myc's regulation of mitochondria is crucial for cellular transformation and metabolic reprogramming.