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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

Rakesh Kumar Sahay1, V Sri Nagesh

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy poses significant risks to both mother and fetus. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and postpartum follow-up are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Keywords:
Hypothyroidismpregnancysubclinical hypothyroidismtargeted screeninguniversal screening

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant physiological stress.
  • Endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Focus is shifting towards understanding maternal risks associated with hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
  • To emphasize the need for detecting and treating subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • To underscore the necessity of postpartum follow-up for women with hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Consideration of screening approaches (targeted vs. universal).

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to severe maternal and fetal complications.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism requires detection and management.
  • Autoimmune hypothyroidism may require postpartum management and monitoring.
  • Antibody positivity in euthyroid women needs further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are essential.
  • Adequate postpartum follow-up is mandatory for women with hypothyroidism.
  • Universal screening may be a more effective approach than targeted case finding.