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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
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Imaging of the thyroid: Recent advances.

Vikas Chaudhary1, Shahina Bano

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Model Hospital, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|May 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in thyroid imaging offer new tools for radiologists and endocrinologists. This review covers progress in radionuclide imaging, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and optical coherence tomography for thyroid diagnostics.

Keywords:
Magnetic resonance imagingcomputed tomographyoptical coherence tomographyradionuclide imagingrecent advancesthyroid imagingultrasonographyultrasound elastography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound are standard diagnostic tools for the thyroid gland.
  • Emerging imaging technologies present new opportunities for thyroid evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in thyroid imaging techniques.
  • To highlight progress relevant to radiologists and endocrinologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid imaging modalities.
  • Discussion of radionuclide imaging (SPECT/PET), ultrasonography (USG), USG elastography, CT, MRI, and optical coherence tomography.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made across various thyroid imaging techniques.
  • New methods offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities for thyroid conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The field of thyroid imaging is rapidly evolving with new technologies.
  • These advancements promise to improve the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases.