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Related Concept Videos

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

Hybrid surface design for robust superhydrophobicity.

Susmita Dash1, Marie T Alt, Suresh V Garimella

  • 1Cooling Technologies Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2088, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Engineered hollow hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces with air gaps significantly reduce impact shock pressure. These advanced surfaces minimize water hammer effects, enhancing droplet impact resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Superhydrophobic surfaces achieve water repellency through surface morphology and low-energy coatings.
  • Droplet behavior on these surfaces is governed by wetting and antiwetting pressures at the liquid-air interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate novel hollow hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces.
  • To investigate the impact of communicating and noncommunicating air gaps on surface properties.
  • To analyze droplet dynamics and shock pressure during impingement.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical modeling to determine capillary pressure.
  • Fabrication of six hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces with varied parameters.
  • Experimental testing of surface robustness under dynamic droplet impingement.
  • Measurement of water hammer pressure during droplet impact.

Main Results:

  • The proposed hybrid surfaces exhibit enhanced capillary (nonwetting) pressure compared to solid pillars.
  • Droplet impingement experiments showed water hammer pressure at least two orders of magnitude lower than reported values.
  • Water hammer pressure was found to be dependent on surface morphology and capillary pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Hollow hybrid superhydrophobic surfaces with air gaps effectively reduce impact shock pressure.
  • The presence of air gaps facilitates liquid deformation, preventing sudden droplet stoppage.
  • These findings offer insights into designing robust superhydrophobic surfaces for dynamic applications.