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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Spine osteoarthritis.

Ben L Laplante1, Michael J DePalma

  • 1Interventional Spine Care, Virginia iSpine Physicians, PC, Richmond, VA, USA.

PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal osteoarthritis, a common aging issue, presents diagnostic and treatment challenges. This review covers the degenerative process, prevalence of painful spinal disorders, and evidence-based management for zygapophysial and sacroiliac joint arthrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Gerontology

Background:

  • Spinal osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition linked to aging.
  • It causes significant morbidity and healthcare costs.
  • Diagnosing and treating spinal osteoarthritis can be complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the degenerative cascade leading to spinal osteoarthritis.
  • To review prevalence data for painful spinal disorders.
  • To discuss evidence-based treatments for zygapophysial and sacroiliac joint arthrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence.
  • Analysis of degenerative processes in the spine.
  • Synthesis of treatment options for specific spinal joint arthrosis.

Main Results:

  • The article outlines the natural progression of spinal osteoarthritis.
  • It provides prevalence statistics for common painful spinal conditions.
  • Evidence-based treatment strategies are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment algorithms are crucial for managing spinal osteoarthritis.
  • Understanding the degenerative cascade aids in clinical decision-making.
  • Management of zygapophysial and sacroiliac joint arthrosis benefits from evidence-based approaches.