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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

205
As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
205
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

189
Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

201
Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

567
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
567
Group Therapy01:26

Group Therapy

450
Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis
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Pharmaceutical therapy for osteoarthritis.

David S Cheng1, Christopher J Visco

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current osteoarthritis treatments offer symptomatic relief but do not prevent disease progression. This review covers available pharmaceutical agents for pain management, their efficacy, and side effects.

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Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Rheumatology
  • Drug Efficacy

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease.
  • Current therapeutic strategies primarily address symptom management, not disease modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pharmaceutical agents for osteoarthritis (OA) symptomatic relief.
  • To analyze mechanisms of action, efficacy, and adverse effects of OA medications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oral and topical pharmaceutical agents for OA.
  • Analysis of efficacy data, indications, contraindications, and side effect profiles.

Main Results:

  • Multiple oral and topical agents are available for OA symptom palliation.
  • No current pharmacologic agent has demonstrated the ability to prevent OA disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmaceutical interventions focus on pain relief and improving quality of life in OA patients.
  • Further research is needed for disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOODs).