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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

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Histone modifications form a cell-type-specific chromosomal bar code that persists through the cell cycle.

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Protein kinase Msk1 physically and functionally interacts with the KMT2A/MLL1 methyltransferase complex and contributes to the regulation of multiple target genes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

The adjustable nucleosome: an epigenetic signaling module.

Bryan M Turner1

  • 1Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. b.m.turner@bham.ac.uk

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The nucleosome acts as a signaling module, not just for DNA packaging. Enzyme-catalyzed histone modifications are crucial for how environmental changes affect genomic functions.

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Detection of Post-translational Modifications on Native Intact Nucleosomes by ELISA
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Detection of Post-translational Modifications on Native Intact Nucleosomes by ELISA
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Published on: April 26, 2011

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Nucleosomes package DNA into chromatin.
  • Environmental and metabolic factors influence cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nucleosome's role as a signaling module.
  • To assess histone post-translational modifications in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review
  • Critical assessment of enzyme-catalyzed histone modifications.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosomes function as signaling modules.
  • Post-translational modifications of histones are critical.
  • These modifications influence genomic functions.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications play varied, crucial, and causative roles.
  • The nucleosome is a key player in environmental signaling pathways affecting the genome.