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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...

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Lipid Vesicle-mediated Affinity Chromatography using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (LIMACS): a Novel Method to Analyze Protein-lipid Interaction
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Lipid Vesicle-mediated Affinity Chromatography using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (LIMACS): a Novel Method to Analyze Protein-lipid Interaction

Published on: April 26, 2011

Cationic lipids activate intracellular signaling pathways.

Caroline Lonez1, Michel Vandenbranden, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert

  • 1Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. clonez@ulb.ac.be

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cationic liposomes, used in gene therapy and vaccines, can trigger dangerous cellular responses. Understanding their properties helps design safer, tailored liposomes for specific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
  • Cellular Biology and Immunology

Background:

  • Cationic liposomes are widely employed as transfection reagents for nucleic acids and proteins, and as adjuvants in vaccine development.
  • The high positive charge density of these liposomes can be perceived by cells as a danger signal, potentially activating cellular defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence demonstrating that cationic liposomes activate critical cellular pathways, including apoptosis and inflammation.
  • To explore the structure-activity relationships between cationic lipid properties and the induction of these cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on cationic liposomes and their cellular interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of cationic lipid characteristics (hydrophilic moieties, hydrocarbon tails, organization) on cellular pathway activation.

Main Results:

  • Cationic liposomes demonstrably activate pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cellular cascades.
  • Specific physicochemical properties of cationic lipids correlate with the extent and type of cellular pathway activation.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of how cationic liposome properties influence cellular pathways is crucial for their safe and effective application.
  • This knowledge facilitates the rational design of tailored cationic liposomes for optimized gene delivery and vaccine adjuvant applications.