Myelomatous pleural effusion: report of an unusual occurrence

Pleural effusion complicating the course of multiple myeloma is common. Myelomatous pleural effusion, in contrast, is distinctly rare. Searching the Medline data base, a total of only 35 previously reported cases could be located. A recent case we cared for prompted us to review the literature in this area. The incidence of myelomatous effusion, possible mechanisms of its formation, and implications for therapy and prognosis are discussed.