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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
11:11

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Published on: January 24, 2020

Cytokine therapy.

Masasuke Ohno1, Atsushi Natsume, Toshihiko Wakabayashi

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cytokines are key communicators in the tumor microenvironment, influencing cell behavior. This review explores cytokine interactions and their therapeutic use in glioma treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines are small proteins crucial for cell communication and immune responses.
  • Their activity (pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive) is context-dependent.
  • The tumor microenvironment involves diverse cells like tumor cells, leukocytes, and endothelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the communication pathways involving cytokines within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To summarize current cytokine-based therapies for glioma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cytokine signaling in tumors.
  • Analysis of clinical data on cytokine therapies for glioma.

Main Results:

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Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation
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Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Published on: January 14, 2011

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Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
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Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

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Microfluidic Approach to Resolve Simultaneous and Sequential Cytokine Secretion of Individual Polyfunctional Cells

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Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation
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  • Cytokine networks facilitate communication between tumor and immune cells.
  • Cytokine profiles vary significantly within gliomas.
  • Existing cytokine therapies show limited efficacy but offer insights.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cytokine cross-talk is vital for developing effective glioma treatments.
  • Targeting specific cytokines or their pathways holds therapeutic potential.
  • Further research is needed to optimize cytokine-based glioma therapies.