Description and validation of a modular training system for laparoscopic nephrectomy

Grant D Stewart1, Simon Phipps, Brian Little

  • 1Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Summary

This study introduces a modular training system for laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN), enabling urologists to achieve proficiency efficiently. The program resulted in outcomes comparable to established benchmarks with low conversion rates.