Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
MOSFET01:16

MOSFET

The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Characteristics of MOSFET01:17

Characteristics of MOSFET

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect Transistors, or MOSFETs, play a critical role in electronic circuits. They are primarily utilized for amplifying and switching signals.
Various vital parameters influence their functionality, which is crucial for theory and electronics applications. First, channel dimensions, precisely length, and width, are pivotal. The size of these channels affects the transistor's ability to carry current and switching speeds; shorter channels typically enable quicker...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fumarate dramatically enhances biocurrent output in Shewanella-based bioelectrochemical system.

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

An organic artificial cardiomyocyte.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Dissimilar Electrolyte Decouples Zn and MnO<sub>2</sub> Redox Chemistry Enabling Dual-Electrode-Free Lean-Electrolyte Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Suspension polymerization of bioelectronic interfaces on living cells.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Iontronic click-to-release enables electrically controlled delivery of drugs and biomolecules beyond charge and size limitations.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Polyelectrolyte Design Principles for Electrophoretic Drug Delivery.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing
10:45

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing

Published on: August 29, 2025

Logic gates based on ion transistors.

Klas Tybrandt1, Robert Forchheimer, Magnus Berggren

  • 1Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Norrköping, Sweden.

Nature Communications
|May 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed integrated chemical logic gates using ion transistors. These novel devices enable precise control of ionic and molecular signals, paving the way for advanced solid-state chemical delivery systems.

More Related Videos

Controllable Ion Channel Expression through Inducible Transient Transfection
10:00

Controllable Ion Channel Expression through Inducible Transient Transfection

Published on: February 17, 2017

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing
10:45

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing

Published on: August 29, 2025

Controllable Ion Channel Expression through Inducible Transient Transfection
10:00

Controllable Ion Channel Expression through Inducible Transient Transfection

Published on: February 17, 2017

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Precise control of ionic and molecular signals is crucial in life sciences.
  • Existing ion transistors often lack functionality at physiological salt concentrations.
  • Integrated circuits offer a potential solution for complex chemical signal routing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the development of integrated chemical logic gates based on ion bipolar junction transistors.
  • To demonstrate the functionality of inverters and NAND gates at physiological conditions.
  • To compare the performance of complementary ion gates with single transistor-type gates.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of integrated chemical logic gates using ion bipolar junction transistors.
  • Testing of npn-type and complementary inverters and NAND gates.
  • Evaluation of device performance, including gain and power consumption.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated functional inverters and NAND gates based on ion bipolar junction transistors.
  • Complementary ion gates exhibited higher gain and lower power consumption compared to single transistor-type gates.
  • The developed gates are functional at physiological salt concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated chemical logic gates based on ion transistors are feasible and functional.
  • Complementary logic designs offer significant advantages in gain and power efficiency.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing sophisticated solid-state chemical delivery circuits.