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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine: risk factor and comorbidity.

G Giannini1, S Cevoli, L Sambati

  • 1IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine burden increases due to links with psychiatric, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these causal links is vital for better treatment and understanding migraine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Migraine significantly increases patient burden when comorbid with other conditions.
  • Associations exist between migraine and psychiatric, neurological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Some migraine comorbidities are well-established, while others require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex relationships between migraine and various comorbid disorders.
  • To determine if these associations imply causality rather than mere concomitance.
  • To explore migraine's potential role as a modifiable risk factor for other diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating migraine comorbidities.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data to assess disease associations.
  • Causal inference methods to evaluate the directionality of observed links.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed positive associations between migraine and numerous disorders.
  • Identified specific comorbidities with strong evidence of causal links.
  • Highlighted areas of uncertainty and controversy in migraine comorbidity research.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine's linkage with other diseases is a significant factor in its overall burden.
  • Understanding causal pathways is crucial for advancing migraine pathophysiology.
  • Identifying migraine as a modifiable risk factor could transform treatment strategies.