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Stem Cell Niche

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The vascular stem cell niche.

Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro¹, Robin Lovell-Badge, Francisco Fernández-Avilés

¹Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, Madrid, Spain. vgomez@recava.com

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research

|May 31, 2012

Summary

Blood vessels play a crucial role in regulating stem cells within adult organs. This review explores how these vascular interactions influence stem cell behavior in various tissue niches for homeostasis and repair.

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Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Vascular biology
Tissue engineering

Background:

Adult stem cells reside in specialized niches that control their behavior.
Recent research highlights the regulatory role of blood vessels in these stem cell niches.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and angiogenic progenitor cells are associated with vasculature in various tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the regulatory role of blood vessels in adult stem and progenitor cell niches.
To explore the mechanisms mediating stem cell-vasculature interactions.
To understand the contribution of these interactions to tissue homeostasis and repair.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent investigations on stem cells and vasculature.
Analysis of studies focusing on stem cell regulation by blood vessels in different organs.
Synthesis of known mechanisms governing stem cell-vasculature crosstalk.

Main Results:

Blood vessels are integral components of stem cell niches, influencing stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
Endothelial cells in bone marrow regulate hematopoietic stem cell release.
Blood vessels impact neural stem cell self-renewal and neurogenesis in the brain.

Conclusions:

The intimate connection between stem cells and vasculature is vital for tissue homeostasis and repair.
Understanding these vascular regulations is key to regenerative medicine strategies.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of stem cell-vasculature interactions.