Quantitative estimates of motility from videocapsule endoscopy are useful to discern celiac patients from controls

Prior work has shown that videocapsule endoscopy image features are a useful tool for quantitatively distinguishing the intestinal mucosal surface of untreated celiac patients from that of controls. The use of dynamic estimates of wall motility may further help to improve classification.

Videocapsule endoscopy clips (200 frames each, 2 frames/s, 576 × 576 pixels/frame) were acquired at five small intestinal locations in 11 untreated celiac patients (celiacs) and ten controls. Color images were converted to grayscale and analyzed frame-by-frame. Variations in the position and width of the center of the small intestinal lumen were quantitatively estimated. The darkest grayscale pixels were used as an estimate of the lumen center. Over 200 frames, the standard deviation of the lumen center xy position and the mean and standard deviation in lumen center width were used as dynamic estimates of wall motility. These parameters were plotted in three-dimensional space, and the best discriminant function was used to classify celiacs versus controls at each of the following five locations: (1) duodenal bulb, (2) distal duodenum, (3) jejunum, (4) ileum, and (5) distal ileum.

The overall sensitivity for the classification of celiacs versus controls at all five locations was 98.2 %, while the specificity was 96.0 %. From location 1 to 5, there was a tendency for the lumen center width to diminish in terms of frame-to-frame variability by 7.6 % in celiacs (r (2) = 0.4) and 9.7 % in controls (r (2) = 0.7).

In addition to examining the mucosal surface, videocapsule endoscopy can assess small bowel intestinal motility and aid in distinguishing celiac patients from controls.