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Updated: May 21, 2026

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

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Published on: December 25, 2015

When Double is not Twice as Much.

Theresa Maria Singer¹, Cordula Moll, Rita Groß-Hardt

¹Cell and Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|May 31, 2012

Summary

Gene duplications increase genome complexity and influence plant evolution. Maintaining duplicated gene activity is advantageous during the haploid gametophyte phase due to mutation masking differences between haploid and diploid generations.

Keywords:

alternation of generations diploid flowering plants gene duplication haploid

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Evolutionary Biology
Plant Science

Background:

Gene and genome duplications significantly contribute to eukaryotic genome complexity.
The model plant Arabidopsis has undergone multiple whole-genome duplication events.
Redundant gene families govern numerous cellular processes in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the implications of ontogenetic gene copy number differences in plants.
To discuss how duplicated gene activity profiles are modulated across life phases.
To highlight the selective advantage of maintaining duplicated genes in haploid generations.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomics analysis of duplicated gene regions.
Analysis of gene family evolution across plant lineages.
Investigating gene expression patterns in different life phases.

Main Results:

Gene duplication events have shaped plant genomes, leading to redundant gene families.
Deleterious mutations are masked in diploid sporophytes but expressed in haploid gametophytes.
Activity profiles of duplicated genes are modulated in a life phase-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

The alternation of generations in plants presents unique challenges and advantages for duplicated genes.
Maintaining duplicated gene activity may be crucial for haploid gametophyte function.
Understanding these dynamics is key to plant genome evolution and complexity.