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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

MicroRNA expression signatures in solid malignancies.

Marco Galasso1, Sukhinder K Sandhu, Stefano Volinia

  • 1Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|June 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in cancer, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Research shows their crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, offering new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening
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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening
08:14

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Identifying specific molecular markers and drug targets remains a challenge in cancer research.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant focus in cancer genomics over the last decade.
  • miRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the cellular functions of human microRNAs.
  • To highlight the expression patterns of miRNAs in solid tumors.
  • To emphasize the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent high-throughput technology studies.
  • Analysis of scientific literature on miRNA function and expression in cancer.
  • Synthesis of data on miRNA roles in tumor classification and patient outcome prediction.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by regulating target gene expression.
  • miRNAs are implicated in critical cancer processes: initiation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis.
  • High-throughput studies demonstrate miRNA accuracy in tumor classification and outcome prediction.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play a vital role in cancer development and progression.
  • miRNA expression profiling offers a promising avenue for cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
  • Further research into miRNA cellular functions and expression in tumors is essential for developing novel cancer therapies.