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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules01:10

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays
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Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: February 24, 2023

How do chemotherapeutic agents damage the ovary?

S Morgan1, R A Anderson, C Gourley

  • 1Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.

Human Reproduction Update
|June 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chemotherapy can cause premature ovarian failure (POF) in premenopausal women through direct or indirect damage to ovarian cells. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop fertility preservation strategies.

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Culture and Co-Culture of Mouse Ovaries and Ovarian Follicles
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Culture and Co-Culture of Mouse Ovaries and Ovarian Follicles

Published on: March 17, 2015

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays
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Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: February 24, 2023

Culture and Co-Culture of Mouse Ovaries and Ovarian Follicles
10:41

Culture and Co-Culture of Mouse Ovaries and Ovarian Follicles

Published on: March 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy increases premature ovarian failure (POF) risk in premenopausal women.
  • The precise mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on chemotherapeutic agents' direct effects on the ovary.
  • To discuss molecular pathways leading to follicle loss during cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to 2011.
  • Review focused on English language articles relevant to chemotherapy and ovarian function.

Main Results:

  • Premature ovarian failure (POF) stems from primordial follicle loss, not always directly from chemotherapy.
  • Follicle loss may occur indirectly via accelerated growth or damage to somatic cells, inducing oocyte death.
  • Specific molecular targets and mechanisms for common chemotherapy drugs are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapeutic drugs likely employ diverse mechanisms and target different ovarian cells.
  • Further research into chemotherapy-induced follicle loss mechanisms is crucial for developing POF prevention treatments.