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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Transfer hydrogenation with a ferrocene diamide ruthenium complex.

Andrew G Elliott1, Aaron G Green, Paula L Diaconescu

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|June 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel ruthenium complex acts as a mediator for base-free transfer hydrogenation, efficiently converting ketones to alcohols at room temperature. This advancement offers a greener approach to chemical synthesis with high efficiency.

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Published on: April 10, 2015

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Transfer hydrogenation is a crucial reaction in organic synthesis.
  • Developing efficient and sustainable catalytic systems remains a key challenge.
  • Base-free conditions are desirable to simplify reaction workup and reduce waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel 1,1'-ferrocenediamide ruthenium complex as a mediator.
  • To investigate its efficacy in base-free transfer hydrogenation.
  • To evaluate the efficiency and scope of the catalytic system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of the 1,1'-ferrocenediamide ruthenium complex.
  • Application of the complex as a mediator in transfer hydrogenation reactions.
  • Optimization of reaction conditions (temperature, solvent, substrate concentration).

Main Results:

  • Ketones were successfully transformed into their corresponding alcohols.
  • Conversions ranged from 36% to 99% under optimized conditions.
  • High turnover frequencies (up to 339 h(-1)) were achieved at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The reported ruthenium complex is an effective mediator for base-free transfer hydrogenation.
  • The catalytic system operates efficiently at room temperature, offering a sustainable alternative.
  • This methodology provides a valuable tool for the synthesis of alcohols from ketones.