Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Energy Spectrum of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays across Declinations -90° to +44.8° as Measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Search for the Anomalous Events Detected by ANITA Using the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Inference of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies from 10^{18.5} to 10^{20} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory and Deep Learning.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Limits to Gauge Coupling in the Dark Sector Set by the Nonobservation of Instanton-Induced Decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory Data.

Physical review letters·2023

Same author

Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Physical review letters·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

High intensity training for faster water polo.

C D'ercole¹, M Gobbi, A D'ercole

¹Catalunya National Institute of Physical Education Institute, Barcelona, Spain.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness

|June 1, 2012

Summary

High-intensity training, including 90% max velocity (90maxV) and Speed Endurance Training (SET), effectively reduces anaerobic contribution in water polo players. This enhances aerobic capacity, leading to increased match speed.

More Related Videos

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Athletic Training

Background:

Understanding the interplay between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism is crucial for optimizing athletic performance.
High-intensity training programs aim to enhance both energy systems for improved physiological adaptations.
Water polo demands high levels of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness for success during competition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and assess a 16-week high-intensity training program for water polo players.
To increase the aerobic contribution to energy production during intense exercise.
To evaluate the impact of specific training protocols on metabolic responses and performance.

Main Methods:

Eight water polo players participated in a 16-week training intervention.
Training included tests at 90% of maximum speed (90maxV) and Speed Endurance Training (SET).
Statistical analysis using a one-way blocked ANOVA was employed to assess training effects.

Main Results:

A significant reduction in blood lactate levels (15.2%) was observed at the same absolute workload post-training.
The anaerobic contribution to VO2max (ESCAna) significantly decreased by 16% after 90maxV and SET.
Field tests showed a significant reduction (24%) in lactate between 90maxV and maximal aerobic power velocity (MAPv).

Conclusions:

The implemented high-intensity training (90maxV and SET) effectively shifted energy production towards aerobic metabolism.
This training approach reduces reliance on anaerobic pathways at higher velocities.
The enhanced aerobic contribution and reduced anaerobic demand contribute to increased overall match speed in water polo players.