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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Next generation sequencing: chemistry, technology and applications.

¹Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA, pei.hui@yale.edu.

Topics in Current Chemistry

|June 1, 2012

Summary

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is transforming biomedical research and clinical practice, offering new genomic insights for disease diagnosis and treatment. Overcoming current challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of NGS in genomic medicine.

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

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Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Published on: August 22, 2013

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Published on: August 22, 2013

Area of Science:

Genomics
Biomedical Research
Clinical Practice

Background:

High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly integrated into biomedical research.
NGS is beginning to influence clinical practice, promising significant changes in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the impact of NGS on the future of genomic medicine.
To identify the necessary adaptations for integrating NGS into clinical practice and physician training.

Main Methods:

Review of current applications of NGS in research and early clinical adoption.
Analysis of the potential benefits and challenges of widespread NGS implementation.

Main Results:

NGS has the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Significant hurdles remain before the widespread, practical application of NGS in genomic medicine.

Conclusions:

The integration of NGS into clinical practice necessitates curriculum reforms for medical professionals.
Further development and strategic planning are required to overcome obstacles and fully leverage NGS for improved patient outcomes.