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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Spectral Graph Entropy of Chromatin: A von Neumann Framework for Multiscale Polymer Organization from Hi-C.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
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An experimentally-informed polymer model reveals high resolution organization of genomic loci.

Nature communications·2026
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The role of nucleotide opening dynamics in facilitated target search by DNA-repair proteins.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms·2024
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The environmentally-regulated interplay between local three-dimensional chromatin organisation and transcription of proVWX in E. coli.

Nature communications·2023
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Superstructure Detection in Nucleosome Distribution Shows Common Pattern within a Chromosome and within the Genome.

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Inter-nucleosomal potentials from nucleosomal positioning data.

The European physical journal. E, Soft matter·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Expression-dependent folding of interphase chromatin.

Hansjoerg Jerabek1, Dieter W Heermann

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg, Germany. jerabek@tphys.uni-heidelberg.de

Plos One
|June 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin looping influences genome organization and gene activity. This study models how loop formation, tied to gene expression, shapes chromosome structure, topology, and dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin looping is implicated in eukaryotic genome organization.
  • Understanding the relationship between chromatin structure and transcriptional activity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between interphase chromatin conformation and transcriptional activity.
  • To develop a polymer model of chromatin incorporating genomic loops and gene expression data.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporated gene expression profiles into a polymer model of chromatin.
  • Simulated chromosome conformations by relating loop formation to transcriptional activity.
  • Analyzed structural, topological, and diffusional properties of simulated chromatin.

More Related Videos

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Main Results:

  • Generated chromosome conformations consistent with experimental data.
  • Reproduced conformational variations between highly and lowly expressed chromatin regions.
  • Observed expression-dependent chromatin loop distributions and increased dynamics in highly transcribed regions.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin loop formation is intrinsically linked to transcriptional activity.
  • Variations in loop formation impact local structure, global conformation, and chromosome topology.
  • Gene expression levels influence chromatin dynamics and positioning within chromosome territories.