Therapeutic potential of natural products from terrestrial plants as TNF-α antagonist

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T-cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, osteoblasts and dendritic cells. It can regulate numerous cellular and biological processes such as immune function, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and energy metabolism. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The biological activities of TNF-α mediated by two receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Its activity can be inhibited by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or soluble TNF receptors. The inhibition of its biological activities using anti TNF-α antibodies represents an approved strategy for the treatment of various diseases like cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammations etc. The involvement of TNF-α cytokine in the various types of diseases provide the therapeutic rationale for the development of TNF-α antagonist. A large number of natural and synthetic compounds are currently being investigated for TNF-α inhibitory activity. Since the synthetic molecules are always associated with their side effects hence it is beneficial to develop the natural strategies as the alternative sources. There are many medicinal plants which are traditionally used for the treatment of the diseases associated with TNF-α inhibition. Hence, in this review article we make an approach to provide a platform for the development of TNF-α antagonist from natural resources.