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Related Concept Videos

Hooke's Law01:26

Hooke's Law

Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.
Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Measuring Local Tissue Strains in Tendons via Open-Source Digital Image Correlation
07:50

Measuring Local Tissue Strains in Tendons via Open-Source Digital Image Correlation

Published on: January 27, 2023

Microstructural stress relaxation mechanics in functionally different tendons.

H R C Screen1, S Toorani, J C Shelton

  • 1School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. H.R.C.Screen@qmul.ac.uk

Medical Engineering & Physics
|June 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-stress tendons like flexor tendons show more fiber reorganization under low strain. Low-stress extensor tendons rely on fibril-level relaxation and cannot sustain loads, informing tendon repair strategies.

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Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing

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Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
07:07

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing

Published on: December 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Musculoskeletal Biology
  • Connective Tissue Research

Background:

  • Tendons function under diverse in vivo loading conditions, categorized as positional (low stress, intricate movements) or energy storage (high stress, locomotion).
  • Structural and compositional differences are presumed to optimize tendon properties for specific functions, but micro-level structure-function relationships remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the micro-level mechanical behavior and stress relaxation response of porcine flexor (high stress) and extensor (low stress) tendon fascicles.
  • To elucidate how structural differences relate to functional adaptations in tendons experiencing different loading conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of mechanical behavior at the micro-level.
  • Assessment of stress relaxation response in porcine flexor and extensor tendon fascicles under varying strain conditions.
  • Microscopic examination of collagen fiber organization and sliding during mechanical testing.

Main Results:

  • Stress relaxation primarily occurs via collagen fiber sliding.
  • High-stress flexor tendon fascicles exhibit greater fiber reorganization at low strains compared to low-stress extensor tendon fascicles.
  • Low-stress extensor tendon fascicles demonstrate limited fiber reorganization and shearing capacity, relying more on fibril-level relaxation and rapidly relaxing under load.

Conclusions:

  • Tendon stress relaxation mechanisms differ based on functional loading, with fiber sliding being predominant.
  • High-stress tendons possess greater capacity for fiber reorganization, while low-stress tendons rely on fibril-level mechanisms.
  • Findings underscore the necessity of tailoring tendon repair and graft selection to the specific mechanical properties of the native tendon.