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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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Updated: May 21, 2026

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
11:32

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

Omphalolith.

Sampath K L Kumar, C Obula Reddy, Keertinmayee Reddy

    The Indian Journal of Surgery
    |June 2, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Omphalolith, a rare calculus formed from sebum and keratin in the navel, can go undiagnosed for years. This case highlights an omphalolith discovered in an elderly woman, often linked to obesity and retracted umbilicus.

    Keywords:
    OmphalolithUmbilicus

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    Published on: April 12, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Omphalolith (or umbolith) is an uncommon condition.
    • It typically forms in individuals with a deeply retracted umbilicus and obesity.
    • Accumulation of sebum and keratin contributes to calculus formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report an interesting case of omphalolith.
    • To discuss the potential for long-term asymptomatic presentation.
    • To highlight diagnostic considerations in elderly patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report presentation.
    • Clinical examination of the umbilicus.
    • Review of relevant medical literature.

    Main Results:

    • An omphalolith was identified in an elderly female patient.
    • The calculus was potentially present for many years without diagnosis.
    • Secondary infection or ulceration can be presenting signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Omphaloliths, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of umbilical abnormalities.
    • Obesity and retracted umbilicus are predisposing factors.
    • Delayed diagnosis is possible until complications arise.