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Updated: May 21, 2026

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Hyperthermic intraoperative thoracoabdominal chemotherapy.

Paul H Sugarbaker1, David Chang, O Anthony Stuart

  • 1Washington Hospital Center, Washington Cancer Institute, 106 Irving Street, NW, Suite 3900, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Gastroenterology Research and Practice
|June 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hyperthermic thoracoabdominal chemotherapy (HITAC) after diaphragm resection offers acceptable survival for pseudomyxoma peritonei and mesothelioma patients, with low intrathoracic recurrence despite high morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) treats pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM).
  • Diaphragm infiltration necessitates resection, increasing the risk of cancer spread from the abdomen to the chest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hyperthermic thoracoabdominal chemotherapy (HITAC) in patients undergoing diaphragm resection.
  • To compare HITAC with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITOC) regarding drug absorption, morbidity, mortality, and recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective database identified 30 patients who underwent diaphragm resection and HITAC as part of cytoreductive surgery.

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  • Pharmacokinetic data (area under the curve) for mitomycin C and doxorubicin were analyzed.
  • Chemotherapy absorption and clinical outcomes (morbidity, mortality, survival, intrathoracic recurrence) were compared to control groups receiving HIPEC or HITOC.
  • Main Results:

    • HITAC demonstrated significant intracavitary drug concentrations (AUC ratios: 27±10 for mitomycin C, 75±26 for doxorubicin).
    • Chemotherapy absorption was highest with HIPEC, followed by HITAC, and lowest with HITOC.
    • The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events was 43%, with no mortality. Intrathoracic recurrence was low, and dose adjustments were not needed.

    Conclusions:

    • HITAC is a viable treatment option for PMP and DMPM patients with diaphragm involvement, offering acceptable survival and low intrathoracic recurrence.
    • While HITAC involves significant morbidity, it achieves adequate drug delivery to the thoracic cavity without requiring chemotherapy dose adjustments.