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Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Cell death signaling and anticancer therapy.

Lorenzo Galluzzi1, Ilio Vitale, Erika Vacchelli

  • 1INSERM U848 Villejuif, France.

Frontiers in Oncology
|June 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Anticancer treatments are evolving beyond apoptosis and senescence. New research highlights regulated necrosis and mitotic catastrophe as key cell death pathways to overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:
RIP1caspaseslysosomal membrane permeabilizationmitochondrial membrane permeabilizationnecrosomeoncosisphosphatidylserinereactive oxygen species

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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Published on: December 27, 2016

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Quantification of Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Human Colonic Organoids Using Live Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Traditionally, anticancer strategies focused on apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest (senescence).
  • Emerging research reveals regulated necrosis and mitotic catastrophe as significant cell death mechanisms.
  • These alternative pathways offer potential to bypass cancer cell resistance to conventional therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of apoptosis, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe in tumor cell responses.
  • To discuss the role of these cell death pathways in relation to anticancer agents.
  • To highlight the evolving landscape of cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and experimental anticancer agents.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Anticancer agents can induce multiple cell death pathways simultaneously.
  • Regulated necrosis and mitotic catastrophe are increasingly recognized as critical for overcoming treatment resistance.
  • Sophisticated therapeutic regimens combine distinct strategies to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe are crucial determinants of tumor cell response to anticancer treatments.
  • Understanding these diverse cell death mechanisms is vital for developing novel and effective cancer therapies.
  • The integration of multiple cell death-inducing strategies represents the future of advanced cancer treatment.