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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Updated: May 21, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
06:23

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

Post-operative spondylodiscitis.

L A Nasto1, D Colangelo, B Rossi

  • 1Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|June 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postoperative spine infections (PSIs) are a common complication, affecting about 5% of patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial for successful treatment and preventing severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Postoperative spine infections (PSIs) are a significant complication following spine surgery, with an estimated prevalence of 5%.
  • Risk factors include extensive soft tissue dissection, prolonged operative time, tissue devitalization, and surgical instrumentation.
  • Direct inoculation during surgery is the primary route of infection for PSIs.

Observation:

  • Common pathogens include Gram-positive cocci (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Clinical symptoms can be subtle, delaying diagnosis.
  • Early diagnosis is critical for patient prognosis.

Findings:

  • While blood tests (ESR, CRP, WBC) and imaging (MRI) are supportive, definitive diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy or blood cultures.
  • Antibiotic therapy combined with bracing or bed rest is the standard treatment.
  • Surgical intervention may be necessary for infection eradication, wound closure, and spinal stability.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and tailored antibiotic regimens are essential for managing PSIs.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches involving infectious disease specialists and orthopedic surgeons optimize patient outcomes.
  • Further research into preventative strategies and novel treatment modalities for PSIs is warranted.