Explicit maps to predict activation order in multiphase rhythms of a coupled cell network

We present a novel extension of fast-slow analysis of clustered solutions to coupled networks of three cells, allowing for heterogeneity in the cells' intrinsic dynamics. In the model on which we focus, each cell is described by a pair of first-order differential equations, which are based on recent reduced neuronal network models for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Within each pair of equations, one dependent variable evolves on a fast time scale and one on a slow scale. The cells are coupled with inhibitory synapses that turn on and off on the fast time scale. In this context, we analyze solutions in which cells take turns activating, allowing any activation order, including multiple activations of two of the cells between successive activations of the third. Our analysis proceeds via the derivation of a set of explicit maps between the pairs of slow variables corresponding to the non-active cells on each cycle. We show how these maps can be used to determine the order in which cells will activate for a given initial condition and how evaluation of these maps on a few key curves in their domains can be used to constrain the possible activation orders that will be observed in network solutions. Moreover, under a small set of additional simplifying assumptions, we collapse the collection of maps into a single 2D map that can be computed explicitly. From this unified map, we analytically obtain boundary curves between all regions of initial conditions producing different activation patterns.